How Ethereum's new PeerDAS feature slashes fees, boosts data capacity and paves the way for lightning-fast user experiences on the network. Ethereum’s second major upgrade of the year, Fusaka, has gone live, bringing forward supercharged data capacity, reduced transaction costs and enhanced usability. The upgrade officially went live on the Ethereum mainnet at 9:49 pm UTC on Wednesday at Epoch 411392, with the headline feature being peer data availability sampling (PeerDAS), which provides significant scaling capabilities to Ethereum and layer 2s. Earlier this week, the Ethereum Foundation posted a detailed thread via the Ethereum X account, breaking down what it means for users, developers, node operators, Layer-2s and rollups, and enterprises. Read more
Bitwise Onchain Solutions discusses how Ethereum’s Fusaka upgrade trades big‑bang hard forks for faster, targeted changes that make the network more strategic. Ethereum’s upcoming Fusaka upgrade on Wednesday is being framed as just another scaling step, but it marks a shift in how the network ships change. Instead of massive, multi‑year overhauls, Fusaka is the first proof that Ethereum can deliver focused, high‑impact upgrades in something closer to six months. At the center of Fusaka is Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP)‑7594, Peer Data Availability Sampling (PeerDAS), the technical headline that changes how Ethereum handles data from rollups without forcing node operators to buy data‑center hardware or compromise on decentralization, in line with the roadmap the Ethereum Foundation laid out for the next 12 months. “Ethereum is now trying to be more strategic in what it’s delivering and how quickly it’s delivering it,” Chris Berry, head of onchain engineering at Bitwise Onchain Solutions, one of the longes...
How Ethereum’s Fusaka upgrade scales the L1 and the L2s — explained for ordinary crypto fans without the usual baffling technical jargon. After three successful trials on the Holesky, Sepolia and Hoodi testnet, Ethereums Fusaka hardfork will go live on mainnet on December 3. Its the most eagerly anticipated upgrade to Ethereum since the last one, Pectra although Fusaka will have a much more significant impact, enabling rollups to scale in the space of a month up to 1,000 transactions per second (TPS) and to 100,000 TPS over time. Its actually two separate hard forks: the Fulu upgrade to the consensus layer (the part of a blockchain where validators in the network agree on what happened) and the Osaka upgrade to the execution layer (the part that actually processes transactions). In the future, the consensus layer will be rebuilt as Lean Consensus (formerly known as Beam Chain but renamed after a trademark dispute) and hardened for security and decentralization with finality in seconds. As part of the Lean Eth...
The cap on individual transactions aims to improve block efficiency, reduce DoS risks and lay the groundwork for parallel execution in future upgrades like Glamsterdam. Ethereum is entering the final testnet phase of its Fusaka upgrade, the last major step before its expected mainnet rollout on Dec. 3. The update introduces a per-transaction gas cap of roughly 16.78 million units to enhance block efficiency and prepare the network for parallel execution. The change, already active on the Holesky and Sepolia testnets, is designed to prevent single transactions from consuming an entire block’s gas. Previously, a single transaction could use up to the full block gas limit of around 45 million, posing potential denial-of-service risks and limiting scalability. A gas cap limits how much processing power a single transaction can use, ensuring no transaction can monopolize an entire block, and allowing the network to handle activity more evenly. Read more
The rollout marks the second phase of Ethereum’s three-step roadmap, testing higher gas limits and the new PeerDAS data-sampling system. Ethereum’s Fusaka upgrade has been activated on the Sepolia testnet, marking the next major step in the network’s ongoing push to improve scalability and performance. The upgrade marks the second phase of a three-step rollout under Ethereum’s Fusaka roadmap, following the Holesky testnet activation on Oct. 1. The Sepolia deployment focuses on stress testing the network’s new data-availability system and higher block gas limit before developers push the code to the final Hoodi testnet later this month. Fusaka’s rollout is introducing a suite of performance and consensus improvements. The full upgrade aims to increase Ethereum’s block gas limit to 60 million, allowing blocks to process more transactions and complex smart-contract activity while testing whether nodes can maintain stability at higher capacity. Read more
Ethereum’s largest testnet, Holešky, will be sunset in the coming weeks after two years of rigorously testing Ethereum’s most important network upgrades. Ethereum’s largest testnet, Holešky, will sunset as part of a planned shutdown and migration to the Hoodi testnet following several technical issues earlier in the year. The foundation said Monday that Holešky will be shut down two weeks after the Fusaka upgrade is finalized on the network. The upgrade is proposed for sometime in the second half of September. “After this, Holešky will no longer be supported by client, testing or infrastructure teams,” it said. While the exact date isn’t clear, Ethereum core developers are looking to launch Fusaka on mainnet in November — so it must happen well before then. Read more
Ethereum’s Fusaka upgrade arrives in November 2025, quietly boosting scalability and network resilience without changing smart contracts Ethereum’s upcoming Fusaka hard fork is slated for early November 2025, setting the stage for one of the most consequential Ethereum network upgrades in years. Unlike Pectra, the May 2025 fork that delivered visible changes like account abstraction and higher staking limits, Fusaka operates behind the curtain. It bundles 11 Ethereum Improvement Proposals focused on scalability, node resilience and efficiency, leaving smart contracts untouched. Read more